Each page in this section answers one question, and answers it completely enough to be read on its own: the short answer first, then the reasoning, the limits, and the page on this site where the detail is documented. Nothing here depends on a previous page for context.
The questions come from real buyer enquiries - certification checks, lead-time expectations, minimum quantities, consigned material, inspection class, testing, supply risk and battery management builds. If the one you need is not listed, send it to alden@kilandu.com and it will be answered.
Choosing a supplier
- Which certifications should a Shenzhen PCBA manufacturer hold? - Management-system, product-safety and process standards answer three different questions.
- How do you verify ISO 13485 for a medical PCBA supplier? - The scope paragraph decides whether the certificate covers the order you are placing.
- How do you choose a PCBA supplier for BMS and energy storage boards? - Cell count, current-sense layout, protection test coverage and traceability.
- How do you source EV charger control boards from China? - Isolation, current path, contactor drive and test coverage.
- How do you handle component obsolescence and allocation? - End-of-life, allocation and single-source risk are three different problems with three different answers.
Getting an order placed
- What files do you need to get a PCBA quotation? - Gerber, a BOM with part numbers, the assembly drawing and the test specification.
- What is a realistic MOQ for industrial control PCBA in China? - Why the minimum is set by setup and material packaging, not by a published board count.
- How long does PCBA mass production take in China? - The three lead-time windows, and what moves an order between them.
- What actually makes up the price of a PCBA order? - Material, labour, one-time tooling and logistics - and the six decisions that move the number.
How the work is done
- What does a DFM review actually check? - The six categories of finding, and what each one costs if it is not addressed.
- How is a prototype build different from mass production? - What a prototype, a pilot run and a volume run are each for.
- How is a PCBA tested in production? - SPI, AOI, X-ray, ICT and FCT each catch different defects, and each has a blind spot.
- Can a PCBA factory accept consigned components and full turnkey? - Who carries material risk under each model, and how to split a BOM.
- What does IPC-A-610 Class 3 mean for a PCBA order? - Where Class 3 differs from Class 2 in practice, and how to write it into a purchase order.
Assembly and finishing
- Who can assemble BGA boards with X-ray inspection in Shenzhen? - What X-ray proves, what it does not, and what to ask before the order.
- What does a box build assembly include? - Coated PCBA, harness, enclosure integration, unit-level test and the unit record.
- When does a PCBA need conformal coating? - The environments that make it worthwhile, the three that do not, and the decisions to make first.
- How do European buyers qualify a Chinese box build and conformal coating supplier? - Sequence, masking, acceptance criteria and the unit record.
Every answer links back to the page that documents the detail, so a statement here can be checked rather than taken on trust. Certification scope and downloadable certificates are on the quality assurance page; capacity, equipment and inspection methods are on the factory capabilities page.